Typical last name e Sicilian commune agona (Agrigento).

Vignola is an Italian surname of toponymic origin, derived from various place names such as Vignola (Modena, Como and Naples), Vignole (Belluno and Alessandria), Vignoli (Perugia) and Vignolo (Cuneo and Savona). These place names come from the Italian term vigna ("vine", "vineyard"), derived from the Latin vinea, to which the diminutive suffix -ola was added, with the meaning of "small vine" or "small vineyard". The surname originally identified persons coming from localities with that name or linked to lands devoted to viticulture.

The best-known place name is Vignola, in the province of Modena, a locality historically associated with the cultivation of the vine and famous also for having given its name to the Renaissance architect Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola.

According to Rossoni, Vignola has a wide diffusion in Italy, with important nuclei in Piedmont, Liguria and Lombardy, another in the Verona area and a third in southern Italy, especially in the provinces of Naples, Salerno, Avellino, Bari, Brindisi and Taranto, as well as in Basilicata. The variant Vignoli is characteristic of the area between the provinces of Bologna, Ravenna and Florence, while Vignolo presents its main nuclei in the province of Cuneo and in Liguria.

The wide distribution of these forms reflects the frequent presence in Italy of place names derived from vigna and the historical importance of viticulture in numerous regions of the peninsula.