The surname Procopio is of anthroponymic origin and derives from a personal name of Greek root. It is a given name diffused in the Christian tradition.

A. Bongioanni indicates that its meaning is disputed, being interpretable as "circumcised" or "one who advances/progresses," while N. Bergamo relates it with the Greek root pro-kopto ("to cut"). In this way, the surname reflects the transformation of a personal name of Greek origin, with different semantic interpretations, into a hereditary surname, especially diffused in southern Italy and Sicily.