The surname D'Abrosca is very rare and is considered typical of the Caserta area, in Campania, according to Rossoni. It is a patronymic formed with the preposition "D'" (of, son of), on a dialectal base Abrosca, probably derived from the name Ambrosio (from the Latin Ambrosius, of Greek origin, meaning "immortal").

The form Abrosca would reflect a phonetic evolution peculiar to southern Italy, in particular of the Neapolitan sphere, where transformations such as the loss of the initial vowel (Ambrosio → 'Mbrosio) and its subsequent adaptation are frequent.

In this sense, the surname can be interpreted as "descendant of Ambrosio", preserving a little widespread dialectal form linked to a specific geographical nucleus.