The authors agree that Bruzzone is a surname typical of the Liguria region, derived from a personal name or a dialectal nickname, with several possible hypotheses about its origin.

Surnames in Italy considers it a surname deeply rooted in the Liguria region and one of the most characteristic of that area. Its concentration is especially high in the provinces of Genoa and Savona, with a strong presence in the coastal strip between Varazze and Voltri, as well as in the Tigullio (Rapallo and Chiavari). It is an old surname, documented as early as the second half of the 15th century in the territory of the Savona area, which confirms its historical rooting.

Various hypotheses have been proposed about its origin. It could derive from the medieval name Bruzzo, linked to the Latin cognomen Brutus. Another interpretation relates it to the Ligurian dialectal term bruzzo, a fermented ricotta typical of the Imperia area, which could have given rise to a nickname. A possible influence of the Old French brusson ("blueberry") has also been suggested, or even a toponymic origin linked to the locality called Bruxinetti, in the interior of Voltri. With more than two thousand bearing families in Italy and a very high concentration in Genoa, Bruzzone not only identifies a lineage, but also a territorial identity clearly linked to the history and culture of the Liguria region.

The surname presents several phonetic and graphic variants, among them Bruzone, Bruson, Brusone and Brusoni. The form with double z is the most characteristic of the Liguria region, especially of Genoa and Savona, while the variants with s tend to appear in areas of the Veneto and Lombardy. In some cases, forms such as Bruzone could be due to transcription errors. These differences reflect dialectal adaptations and geographical movements of the surname over time.

P. Regati agrees in presenting several hypotheses. It could derive from modifications of the medieval Italian name Bruzzo, in turn derived from the Latin cognomen Brutus ("Brutus"); also from nicknames linked to the word bruzzo, a type of fermented ricotta typical of the Imperia area, understood also as an adjective meaning "sour, sharp" (in Genoese brozzo). According to other hypotheses, it could go back to the Old French brusson ("blueberry").