The surname Abbondante (and related forms) is interpreted, according to the main scholars, from an anthroponymic origin linked to the medieval Christian tradition. E. De Felice notes that it derives from the personal names Abbondante (masculine) and Abbondanza (feminine), quite widespread in the Middle Ages, especially in southern Italy and the Neapolitan area. These names continue the ancient Latin names Abundans and Abundantia, formed from the verb abundare ('to abound'), and express an idea of prosperity and fullness.

Along the same lines, E. Rossoni confirms that these surnames derive from medieval Christian names such as Abbondante, a variant of Abbondio, and highlights their auspicious character. That is, they were names chosen with a positive meaning, wishing the person to be "abundant in virtues" or "rich in spiritual gifts". Over time, these personal names became hereditary surnames, identifying the descendants of those who bore them.